|
 -
Several business opportunities with high profit making
potential, which are economic
catalysts and components to the Strategy for African Countries - here
available, have been introduced to you. They are listed
in following table.
|
a-
SHEA BUTTER (Issues 5,
6,
7,
11,
12,
13)
b- BLUE GOLD (Issues 14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19)
c- FREEZE-DRIED PAPAIN (Issues 20,
21,
22
and here)
d- KENAF (Issues 23,
24)
e- VEGETABLE OIL (Issues 25,
26,
27
and 28)
f- CEREALS (Issues 30,
31,
32,
33)
g- FRUITS (34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
42,
43)
|
-
TROPICAL FRUITS INDUSTRY AS INCOME
BUILDING POWER FOR AN AFRICAN COMMUNITY:
PART
X : INTRODUCTION TO FOOD ENZYME MARKET / NATURAL NUTRIMENTS
/ BROMELAIN / A COMPETITOR OF PAPAIN
Pineapple fruit is an extraordinary
concentrate of several chemical components necessary
to a healthy human and animal life as shown by the composition
below listed:
Composition: Per 100 g
of pineapple fruit:
 47-52
calories, 85.3-87.0 g H2O, 0.4-0.7 g protein,
0.2-0.3 g fat, 11.6-13.7 g total carbohydrate,
0.4-0.5 g fiber, 0.3-0.4 g ash, 17-18
mg Ca, 8-12 mg P, 0.5 mg Fe, 1-2
mg Na, 125-146 mg K, 32-42 mg b-carotene
equivalent, 0.06-0.08 mg thiamin, 0.03- 0.04
mg riboflavin, 0.2-0.3 mg niacin, and
17-61(-96) mg ascorbic acid.
The following aromatics / essential oils have been
detected: methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isobutanol,
n-pentanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl-n-butyrate, methylisovalerianate,
methyl-n-capronate, methyl-n-caprylate, n-amyl-n-capronate,
ethyl lactate, methyl-b-methylthiolpropionate, ethyl-b-methylthiolpropionate,
and diacetyl, acetone, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, furfurol,
and 5-hydroxy-2-methylfurfurol. Source
Pineapple cultivated in African countries is exported
as fresh or canned fruit, or locally processed into
juice concentrates and syrup for the local and export
market. Pineapple bran, the cake / residue obtained
after extracting the juice, has a high content of vitamin
A: it is an excellent feed for livestock. From the juice
citric acid could be extracted, or processed into alcohol,
after fermentation.
The most interesting processed product, however, is
a food enzyme called Bromelain or Bromelin, which is
a competitor to papain.
-
BROMELAIN BIOCHEMISTRY, PHARMACOLOGY
AND MEDICINAL USE
Bromelain is a mixture of several proteases / enzymes.
It is a competitor to papain
(from papaya) and is used for tenderizing meat; chill
proofing beer; additive to gelatin to increase its solubility.
Etc. It is also a stabilizer for latex paints and an
efficient additive in leather-tanning chemical mixture.
In modern therapy, it is taken as a digestive and used
for its anti-inflammatory action after surgery; to reduce
swellings in cases of physical injuries; also in the
treatment of various other sufferings.
Indeed, bromelain has a very large specter of usage
in biochemistry, pharmacology and miscellaneous illness
treatments because it contains, among other components,
various closely related proteinases, demonstrating,
in vitro and in vivo, antiedematous, antiinflammatory,
antithrombotic and fibrinolytic activities.
Due to its efficacy after oral administration, its safety
and lack of undesired side effects, bromelain has earned
growing acceptance and compliance among patients as
a phytotherapeutical drug. Click
here for more.
Bromelain is therefore largely used in developed countries
as supplement / nutrient. Particularly in the States.
 -
In view of above listed usage of Bromelain, and the
outstanding
chemical components present in pineapple fruit itself,
African countries should devote more Research
& Development to Pineapple fruit in order to creating
pharmaceutical / phytomedicinal industries / food enzymes
for local and export market.
-
PAPAIN / BROMELAIN / FOOD ENZYME MARKET
According to the Chemical Marketing Reporter, the US'
food enzyme market is growing 3% to 5% annually in tight
correlation with the growth in Europe - the main supplier
to the US' market.
The greatest competitor (proteolytic enzyme) to papain
i.e. which can more or less be a complete substitute
to papain is bromelain - derived from pineapple.
Table below lists Spot prices of
papain during the period of June 1990 - April 1994.
(Source:
Journal of Commerce June 1990 - April 1994 - posted
here).
Even if these prices are now outdated,
they do give an idea of the expensive pricing papain
(and therefore its substitute bromelain) could reach
on the international marketplace.
Prices are fluctuating in the US$/ kg 45 to 120 range
since 10 years running in close relationship with offer
and demand.
| Years |
6/90 |
12/90 |
6/91 |
12/91 |
6/92 |
12/92 |
6/93 |
12/93 |
4/94
|
| $US/kg |
45.00 |
45.00 |
45.00 |
45.00 |
45.00 |
99.00 |
99.50 |
120.00 |
85.00
|
-
THE US MARKET OF FOOD ENZYMES
The US is the major market for all kinds of enzymes.
It consumes more or less 85 % of enzymes produced worldwide.
The US is therefore the main export outlet for other
producing countries.
The Statistics on US import of enzymes in value (in
the category of "Other enzymes") obtained
from the USDA
/ Foreign Agricultural Service, from year 1996 to year
2001, is reported in following table:
(Papain is certainly included in the imports' total;
however one cannot have a clear idea in which amount.
Nevertheless one could assumed that import from tropical
countries are related to papain and maybe to bromelain
also.)
| COUNTRIES
OF ORIGIN |
JANUARY
- DECEMBER |
JANUARY
- DECEMBER |
|
IMPORTED ENZYMES |
VALUES
IN 1000 DOLLARS |
COMPARISONS
|
| YEARS
|
1996
|
1997
|
1998
|
1999
|
2000
|
2000
|
2001
|
%
+ or - |
|
|
|
ARGENTINA
|
0
|
1,440
|
1,748
|
3,930
|
6,964
|
6,964
|
3,807
|
-45.33
|
|
AUSTRALIA
|
435
|
433
|
297
|
400
|
432
|
432
|
353
|
-18.29
|
|
AUSTRIA
|
317
|
273
|
30
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
--
|
|
BELGIUM-LUXEMBOURG
|
5,607
|
7,230
|
4,817
|
6,804
|
5,255
|
5,255
|
5,791
|
10.20
|
|
BURMA
|
139
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
--
|
|
BRAZIL
|
66
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
76
|
76
|
651
|
756.58
|
|
CANADA
|
4,727
|
5,336
|
5,692
|
6,907
|
7,440
|
7,440
|
10,436
|
40.27
|
|
SRI
LANKA |
0
|
0
|
11
|
7
|
5
|
5
|
25
|
400.00
|
|
CONGO
(BRAZZAVILLE) |
0
|
0
|
31
|
0
|
59
|
59
|
35
|
-40.68
|
|
CONGO
(KINSHASA) |
79
|
504
|
528
|
618
|
352
|
352
|
135
|
-61.65
|
|
CHINA
(PRC) |
453
|
484
|
414
|
375
|
511
|
511
|
747
|
46.18
|
|
CHILE
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
11
|
0
|
0
|
14
|
--
|
|
COLOMBIA
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
5
|
0
|
0
|
149
|
--
|
|
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
|
55
|
20
|
41
|
3
|
2
|
2
|
21
|
950.00
|
|
DENMARK
|
41,698
|
52,892
|
42,463
|
52,938
|
55,013
|
55,013
|
72,119
|
31.09
|
|
ECUADOR
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
15
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
--
|
|
IRELAND
|
7,589
|
3,911
|
2,817
|
1,007
|
2,858
|
2,858
|
2,406
|
-15.82
|
|
ESTONIA
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
4
|
29
|
29
|
75
|
158.62
|
|
FINLAND
|
16,423
|
10,848
|
8,589
|
9,262
|
11,621
|
11,621
|
9,005
|
-22.51
|
|
FRANCE
|
6,629
|
8,582
|
8,729
|
8,023
|
39,690
|
39,690
|
14,468
|
-63.55
|
|
GERMANY
|
31,061
|
26,885
|
33,271
|
41,125
|
38,966
|
38,966
|
28,947
|
-25.71
|
|
GREECE
|
0
|
12
|
65
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
8
|
--
|
|
HONG
KONG |
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
--
|
|
ICELAND
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
10
|
--
|
|
INDIA
|
1,275
|
1,692
|
2,034
|
1,879
|
1,547
|
1,547
|
1,731
|
11.89
|
|
ISRAEL
|
463
|
579
|
698
|
528
|
604
|
604
|
561
|
-7.12
|
|
ITALY
|
670
|
820
|
1,878
|
4,798
|
1,341
|
1,341
|
2,776
|
107.01
|
|
JAPAN
|
37,276
|
35,840
|
38,719
|
43,350
|
46,403
|
46,403
|
51,743
|
11.51
|
|
SOUTH
KOREA |
48
|
113
|
51
|
84
|
23
|
23
|
18
|
-21.74
|
|
LITHUANIA
|
379
|
393
|
299
|
402
|
548
|
548
|
361
|
-34.12
|
|
MEXICO
|
2,095
|
2,379
|
2,195
|
1,728
|
2,676
|
2,676
|
2,581
|
-3.55
|
|
NETH.
ANTILLES |
639
|
1,571
|
1,727
|
918
|
2,052
|
2,052
|
697
|
-66.03
|
|
NETHERLANDS
|
1,133
|
4,407
|
5,754
|
7,410
|
5,636
|
5,636
|
4,008
|
-28.89
|
|
NORWAY
|
0
|
0
|
406
|
926
|
1,104
|
1,104
|
1,333
|
20.74
|
|
NEW
ZEALAND |
20
|
6
|
10
|
184
|
5
|
5
|
79
|
1480.00
|
|
PERU
|
53
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
--
|
|
POLAND
|
0
|
21
|
5
|
38
|
37
|
37
|
23
|
-37.84
|
|
PORTUGAL
|
4
|
2
|
2
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
23
|
--
|
|
PHILIPPINES
|
0
|
3
|
6
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
--
|
|
RUSSIA
|
0
|
15
|
683
|
|
